effects of drugs abuse and it implication on agriculture in Zing LGA of Taraba state

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1            Background to the Study

          Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the Nigerian economy. This is because it contributes more than 30% of the total annual GDP, employs about 70% of the labour force, accounts for over 70% of the non-oil exports and, perhaps most importantly, provides over 80% of the food needs of the country (Adegboye, 2014). Nigeria’s diverse climate make it possible to produce virtually all agricultural products that can be grown in the tropical and semi-tropical areas of the world. Nigeria is one of the leading producers of tomatoes, pepper, plantain, onions, okra and other vegetables  (Charles, 2009).

          Since the early times, herbs, leaves and plants have been use to heal and control diseases. The use of drugs in itself does not constitute any danger, because drugs correctly administered have been a blessing. Falco (2015) as cited by Sambo (2015) viewed that “chronic use of substances can cause serious damage, sometimes irreversible damage to adolescent’s physical and psychological development. The use of drugs could be beneficial or harmful depending on the mode of use.

          A drug refers to a substance that could bring about a change in the biological function through its chemical actions (Okoye, 2011). It is also considered asthus, as chemical modifiers of the living tissues that could bring about physiological and behavioral changes (Nnachi, 2019).

          Drug abuse is a major public health problem all over the world (UNODC) (2015). The use and abuse of drugs by adolescents have become one of the most disturbing health related phenomena in Nigeria and other parts of the world (NDLEA; 1997).Several youth are experiencing mental health programme, either temporarily or for a long period of time.

Some become insane, maladjusted to school situations and eventually drop out of school.

          According to Fawa (2013), “Drug is defined as any substance, which is used for treatment or prevention of a disease in man and animals. Drug alters the body functions either positively or otherwise depending on the body composition of the user, the type of drug used, the amount used and whether used singly or with other drugs at the same time”.

          NAFDAC (2000) as cited by Haladu(2003) explained the term drug abuse as excessive and persistent self-administration of a drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted patterns. It could also be viewed as the use of a drug to the extent that it interferes with the health and social function of an individual.

`In Nigeria, the most common types of abused drugs according to NAFDAC (2000) as cited by Haladu (2003) are categorized as follows:-

1. Stimulants: These are substances that directly act and stimulate the central nervous system. Users at the initial stage experience pleasant effects such as energy increase. The major source of these comes from caffeine substance.

2. Hallucinogens’: These are drugs that alter the sensory processing unit in the brain. Thus, producing distorted perception, feeling of anxiety and euphoria, sadness and inner joy, they normally come from marijuana, LSD etc.

3. Narcotics: These drugs relive pains, induce sleeping and they are addictive. They are found in heroin, codeine, opium etc.

4. Sedatives: These drugs are among the most widely used and abused. This is largely due to the belief that they relieve stress and anxiety, and some of them induce sleep, ease tension, cause relaxation or help users to forget their problems. They are sourced from valium, drugs, promethazine, chloroform.

5. Miscellaneous: This is a group of volatile solvents or inhalants that provide euphoria, emotional disinhibition and perpetual distortion of thought to the user. The main sources are glues, spot removers, tube repair, perfumes, chemicals etc.

6. Tranquilizers: They are believed to produce calmness without bringing drowsiness, they are chiefly derived from Librium, Valium etc. substance

          Sutherland (2009) in Maiwada (2012) said that many of the youth who abuse drugs have variety of problems and history of emotional deprivation and separation from their family background. These young people localized primarily on schools, ignored agriculture challenged traditional values, social norms and attitudes. Thus, they take drugs for many reasons. Some take it because of peer pressure or influence, to relieve stress, to increase energy, to relax, to relieve pain, to escape reality, to feel more self-esteem and for recreation. For all these reasons, regulatory agencies such as the National Agency for Foods, Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) are set up by the government to control the production, distribution and consumption of foods and drugs in Nigeria. In addition, they are also to ensure that only those who require drugs (especially prescription drugs) genuinely get them. The Agencies charged with the responsibilities of drug control in Nigeria have implemented different programmes aimed at stemming the abuse of drugs.

          Thus, social service centers are places where people with behavior disorder are found as a result of being involved in drug abuse and other behavioral problems. In spite of all these control and regulatory bodies, abusers still indulge in drugs abuse. It is in the light of the above,  and considering the role of agriculture in nation development that this study is being carried out in order to determine the effects of drug abuse on youth and it implication ; agriculture.

1.2            Statement of the problem

          There are high cases of drug abuse among youths in Nigerian society; this behavior as a result of youth unrest has assumed a dangerous dimension that every stake holder of the agricultural system and the nation at large are at a crux. This attitude is common among the youth considered to be leaders of the future. Drug abuse is a major problem that has characterized the enormous crises facing Nigeria. The critical problem is that in spite of the various measures adapted to prevent Drug abuse on Nigerian youths, we continue to have increasing number of Drug abusers. This problem has characterized the enormous crises facing Nigeria not only in Zing in particular but also Taraba state.

           It has been observed that youth are shying away from farming. The availability of Drugs in shops, chemists, market stalls and drug barons, provides youth’s access to it. The habitual use of drugs during occasions endangers the live of youths. Even when drugs are socially accepted for instance, caffeine found in kola nut and coffee or perhaps drugs and tobacco. It can still be abused when it is used more than the quantity generally accepted within the culture.

 It has been also observed that there is a high rate of consumption of drugs by the youth especially in Zing LGA of Taraba state. It has negative implications on youth and their attitude to farming, drug abuse lead to Risky sexual behaviour among the youths that resulted to teen age pregnancy. Such attitude will motivate the abuser to behave in ways that may signal the beginning of mental disorder. If not properly check in time, may be affected like some of these youth who are seen in our societies roaming about naked, parading the streets aimlessly, while others are partially made to sleep in open places, causing social nuisance to the public. If drug abuse continues the abuser may end up not doing well and resulted to drop out of school, all these effect are caused due to the influenced of drug abuse.

The study provides information and strategies for preventing such menace because failure can lead to loss of such valuable human resources. Hence, it has become imperative that the effect of these drugs in our youths is rampant which forms the basis of this study.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main aim of this study is assess the effects of drug abuse on youth and it implication agriculture. The specific objectives of this study are as follows;

i.                   To find out the effects of drugs abuse and it implication on agriculture in Zing LGA of Taraba state

ii.                 To find out whether differences exist in the attitude to farming of youth who are drug abusers and those that are not.

iii.               To find out the factor that influence youth’s into drugs abuse.

iv.              To find out the possible strategies to curb drug abuse among youths

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions serve as guide to the study;

i.                   What are the effects of drugs abuse and it implication on agriculture in Zing LGA of Taraba state?

ii.                 What differences exist in the attitude to farming of youth who are drug abusers and those that are not?

iii.               What are the factor that influence youth’s into drugs abuse?

iv.              What are the possible strategies to curb drug abuse among youths?

1.5 significance of the study

           The study is significant in the following ways; 1. This study will be relevant to the community, school psychologists and counselors in handling the adjustment problems of youth for instance in the area of drug abuse involvement of their student, This can be achieved by selling the information to the appropriate Ministry of Education so as to include the subject of drug abuse and its influence on the attitude to learning and academic achievement in their plan to train and re-train school teachers, Counsellors and Psychologists for effective services in schools.

           Policy makers, parents and NGOs will benefit from this study by way of exposing the findings of this study through publication in educational journals.

          . The researcher also intends to seek for the audience for the media to be able to campaign against drug abuse. .

 1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

          This research covers two ward in Zing LGA The study is also delimited to the variables on drug abuse, attitude to farming of youths

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

          This chapter comprises of the Conceptual framework, theoretical framework and review of related studies on drug abuse, and academic achievements among students in secondary schools.

2.2 Conceptual Framework

2.2.1 Concept of Learning

          Learning is often reported as a change in response or behavior which involve a degree of permanence (such as innovation, elimination or modification of response). It further involves the need for the learner to demonstrate a change in performance ability and ability to carry out new tasks. Learning can be said to be any change in behavior which is a result of experience and which causes people to face later situations differently.

          Learning occurs as a result of reinforced practice. In addition, learning is acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviours. It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom and people to learn throughout their lives.

          Various schools of thought for example .Psychologist, Philosophers have propounded theories explaining how learning takes place. Aristotle talked of learning as an association of ideas. The following laws came up; similarity, contrast and contiguity, (things which are alike,, striking, because of their differences, and occur together in space and time respectively) E.L.Thorndike, an American and I.P. Pavlov a Russian, have established bases for analytical studies of the process of learning from which the theory of connectionism emerged. There are also the theories of Behaviorism by John B. Watson, He studied animal behavior under experimental setting and extrapolated the finding out of human behavior. Psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Eric Frikson 1885-1938, Wundt theory in Eric Erickson, John Dewey ,E.L.Thorndike as fundamentalist, Gestalt theory e t c

2.2.2 Concept of Academic Achievement

          The academic achievement of an individual can be measured by the amount of achievement recorded in academic endeavors. This is directly related to the state of mind of the individual both physically and psychologically. Drug induced mind tend to retard both the physical and psychological well- being of the individual which have been proved to be directly related to the recorded achievement level. Therefore, academic achievement has direct link to the use or disuse of drugs.

          According to National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey YRBS show a negative association between drugs and other drug use and academic achievement after controlling sex, race/ ethnicity, and grade level. This means that, students with higher grades are less likely to engage in drugs and other drug use behaviors than their classmates with lower grade, and students who do not engage in drugs and other drug use behaviors receive higher grades than their classmates who do engage in drugs and other drug use behavior Students with higher grades are significantly less likely to have engage in behaviors such as Drugs uses Binge drinking/high consumption in a day, Marijuana use -Drinking drugs for the first time before age 13 years. Etc

          Percentage of high school students who engage in drugs and other drug use, by type of grades earned [mostly A’s, B’s, C’s, D’s/F’s -- United States, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2009.

2.2.3 Concept of Drug Abuse

          Drugs have been variously defined. For instance World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) define drugs ‘as any substance of biological or chemical organ which when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of it functions’. Drug abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependant. The term ‘’drug abuse ‘does not exclude dependency, but otherwise used in a similar manner in non-medical contexts. The terms have a huge range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect.

          Drugs simply put, are substance other than food which when taken affect body functions. Drugs are mainly used in medical setting for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The drugs in question can be grouped as Narcotics, Drugs, Hallucinogens, depressants, cannabis, stimulants (amphetamines) and inhalants. The drugs could be inserted, injected, inhaled or taken orally.The medical definition of drug abuse is when a substance is consumed to a point where there is an adverse effect on an individual’s health or inability to function as a responsible person. Legally, the criminal use or possession of substance that interferes with a person’s health or ability to do well in school or to earn an appropriate living or when there is the disruption of a person’s individual or social adjustment or both.

          Drug abuse is a violation of a drug norm of a given society. From the above definitions, one can deduce that drug abuse consists of using drugs solely to change feeling, or in such a way as to endanger health. The excessive use of any chemical substance not prescribed by the medical practitioner that alter mood, perception or consciousness and which impairs health, social or job functioning is drug abuse. Similarly, the drug norm of a society could be legal, social, religious, political, economic, medical and otherwise.

 

2.2.4 Drug Abuse and Learning

          Drug abuse refers to a maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considering dependant. The ‘’ drug abuse’’ does not exclude dependency, but is otherwise used in a similar manner in non-medical context. The terms have a huge range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non- therapeutic or non- medical effect.

          The following drugs cause serious effects as far as learning is concerned; Cannabis compound- The most common drug in this category is marijuana, which produces a high for the user, Students who drink or use it frequently are up to five times more likely than their peers to drop out of high school, it can cause problems for young users when their bodies and brains are still developing, which decreases their likelihood of success, still, they may be vulnerable to neuropsychological deficits, especially verbal abilities.

          Depressants. Drugs is the most common depressant which students abused. The time taken is so much valuable for learning activities but such time is use in drinking pallor to the extent that many students over slept for an examination the next day. There is a high rate of suicide in drugsics and drug abusers. The reason believed to cause the increased risk of suicide include the long-time abuse of drugs and drug causing physiological distortion of brain chemistry as well as the social isolation. Another factor is the acute intoxicating effects of the drugs may make suicide more to occur. Suicide is very common in adolescent’s drugs abusers, with 1 in 4 suicides in adolescents being related to drugs abuse. In USA approximately 30 percent suicides are related to drugs abuse.

           Drugs abuse is also associated with increased risks of committing criminal offences including child abuse, domestic violence, rapes, burglaries and assaults. Stimulants - Amphetamines comes to mind quickly, but a more common stimulant is nicotine. Hallucinogens, Opiate, Inhalants are other drugs abused by students which in one way or the other affect their academic achievement and learning activities.

2.3 Theoretical Framework

There are two theories which are relevant to this study i.e. law of imitation theory and social learning theory.

2.3.1 Laws of Imitation Theory

          Tarde (2009) directed attention to the social processes whereby forms of behavior and ways of thinking and feeling are passed on from group to group and person to person. The origin of deviance were pictured as very similar to origin of facts and fashions, each was a socially learned acquisition, governed by what Tarde referred to as the three “laws of imitation” i.e.

(i) The law of close contact

(ii) The law of imitation of superiors by inferiors

(iii) The law of insertion

          These three laws of imitation describe why people engaged in various vices such as crime, drug abuse, violence etc. Individuals in close contact with one another imitate each other’s behavior by the law of close contact; it simply means that people have a greater tendency to imitate the fashions and customs of those with whom they have the most contact. If someone was regularly surrounded by people involved in a world of deviant behavior or lifestyles, they would be more likely to imitate these people than they would others with whom they had little association. Direct contact with deviance was believed to foster more deviance; Tarde theorized that there was short term behavior (fashion) and long term behavior (custom].

          The functions of the higher senses are more transmissible through imitation than those of the lower. We are much more likely to copy someone who is learning at or listening to something than someone who is smelling a flower or testing a dish. Tarde’s second law of imitation spreads from the top to down. Consequently, youngsters imitate older individuals. The poor imitate the rich, peasants imitate royalty, etc. This law suggests that perhaps people follow the model of high-status in hopes their imitative behavior will procure some of the rewards associated with being of a “superior” class in any event. Tarde’s ideas have particular relevance in our own age or visibly “high class” deviance.

          Tarde’s third law is the law of insertion – new acts and behaviors are super imposed on old ones and subsequently either reinforce or discourage previous customs. This law refers to the power inherent in newness or novelty. New fashions were said to replace old customs. For instance, drug taking may be a popular fad among college students who previously used drugs. However, students may find that a combination of both substances provide even greater stimulation causing the use of both drugs and drugs to increase. Another example would be a new criminal custom developing that eliminates an older one – truck hijacking replacing train robbing when two mutually exclusive ways of doing something come into conflict.

           Tarde believed the newer one would ordinarily show out than the former. The replacement of the knife by the gun as a weapon of deviant destruction was also cited an example of this process (Profhl, 2004 ). From Tarde’s three laws of imitation, the perspectives have exerted an enormous impact on the present study drug abuse, attitude to learning and academic achievement of students.

2.3.2 Social Learning Theory

          The second theory reviewed is the social learning theory which is the branch of behavior that is relevant to criminology. Social learning theories view violence as something learned through a process called behavior modeling. In modern society, aggressive acts are usually molded after three principle sources. The most prominent model is family members. Albert Bandura, a social learning theorist, report that studies of family life shows that children who manifest aggressive tactics have parents who use similar behavior when dealing with others.

          A second influence on the social learning of violence is provided by environmental experiences. People who reside in areas in which violence is a daily occurrence are more likely to act violently than those who dwell in low-crime areas where norms of the society are observed properly.

          A third source of behavior modeling is provided by the mass media – films and television programmed commonly depict violence graphically. Moreover, violence is often portrayed as accepted behavior, especially for heroes who never have to face legal consequences for their actions. For example, Batman and the power Rangers (Siegal 2013a: 145).Bandura first presented the principles of social learning theory in 1963. The study demonstrated that modeling is one of the most effective ways to teach children ways of behaviors and their consequences. This theory is about the study that has shown a link between movie portrayals of behavior generally caution that variables such as disposition toward aggressive media characters and how the consequences of aggressive behavior portrayed may all affect the relationship between media and violence.

          According to social learning theories, people are not actually born with the tendency to act violently but they learn to be aggressive through their life experiences. These experiences include observing others acting aggressively to achieve some goal or watching people being rewarded for violent act on television or in movies people learn to act aggressively when as children, they model their behavior after the violent acts of adult. Later in life, their violent behavior pattern persists in social relationships. The one who sees his father repeatedly strike his mother with immunity is the one most likely to grow up to behave like bothering parent and husband (Siegal 2013 b: 145)

          In conclusion, Bandura’s observational learning research shows that adolescents practice what is common within the group they found themselves. This means that people have a greater tendency to imitate the fashions and customs of those with whom they have the most contact. They are much likely to copy some and lastly people follow the mold of high – status in hope, their imitation, behaviors will procure some of the rewards associated with being of a “superior” class.

2.4 Review of Related Studies

          In Nigeria not much has been written on drug abuse due to the absence of any national epidemiological studies, but Ahmed (2014) noted that the rear astronomical rise in the use of drugs in the part of this country (Northern Nigeria) almost to epidemic proportion might be said to have started back as the late (60s). At that time, abuse of drugs was limited mainly to the hospital workers i.e doctors, nurses, pharmacists who were able to lay their hand easily on the drugs. He further pointed out that during his secondary school days in the late fifties (50s), one could almost get expelled if one was found smoking. He now noted with dismay that this is hardly the picture of today in the secondary schools.

          Akindele (2014) identified dropouts as one of the social consequences of drug abuse among University undergraduates in Nigeria. Closely associated with the above are the common drug used by students Viz Librium, valium, Maddox prop us and sleeping tablets and sleepless tablets. There is no doubt that addiction to these has adverse effects and especially goes into modifying the behavior of the students in an adverse way. It is incomprehensible the degree of suffering such students go into. There are cases of abuse of the union drugs admitted at the Neuropsychiatry Hospital Plc. Over a ten-year period (1964 – 1973) found that drugs related problems were evidenced among middle-aged adults.

          Odejide (2015) reviewed cases of admission at University College Hospital (U.C.H} Ibadan and identified (42) middle age individuals as drugs abusers. Drug abuse is not confined to a particular sex and age, Odejide (2015) confined in his studies that it is now a past time in all strata of the society. It is found among the affluent, the top professionals, high executives, musicians, long distance truck drivers as well as sportsmen and women.

          In another related study, Yakasai (2012:2) found out that that with the outbreak of civil war, the number of people who abused drugs rose considerably. According to him, Indian hemp and amphetamine becomes popular especially among members of the armed forces. Yakasai further emphasized that after the war, the problem of drug abuse become escalated amongst the youth.

          Nigerian dailies in the 1970s carried the news of Nigerian Secondary School student’s involvement in drug abuse, for instance, “Sunday Times (August 5, 1973) and Daily Times 10, 1974)”, both carried the report confidently. Since then, pages of newspapers, the television, the radio, magazine and journals have been “littered” with the report of one form of substance abuse or the other.

          Again Ogunremi and Rotimi (2010) discovered that Maddox and Proplus were even more abused than hemp by students. Quite a number of Nigerians faced firing squad during Buhari/Idiagbon’s regime under Degree 20 (Newswatch, May 13, 1985). The Decree 48 of 1989 which makes for jail term of five (5) years for offenders. Adesina (2006) in his survey carried out in Lagos showed that 75.5% of those who took these drugs considered them harmful, yet they went ahead taking them regardless of the consequences.

          Some of the effects of drug abuse on the abusers can be traceable to the society i.e absenteeism to school learning program, neglect, self and relation, develops a faulty life in a world of his own while economic effects and inability to meet family responsibilities due to financial impoverishment as the abuser spends all the money on buying drugs and lastly the psychological effects include euphoria, irritable and aggressive nature etc.

2.5 Summary

          This chapter opens with the Introduction of the chapter, followed by Defining the Concepts of Learning, Academic Achievement, Drug Abuse, and Attitude to Learning. Relationships between Drug Abuse and Learning, Drug Abuse and Attitude to Learning were also highlighted. Furthermore, the chapter discusses two theories: The Imitation Theory, where the Laws of Close Contact, the Laws of Imitation of Superior by Inferior and the Law of Insertion were looked upon. The Social Learning Theory where the family, Environmental Influences and Media were regarded as behaviour modeling factors.

          Finally, the reviews of related studies were highlighted. Odejide (2009) Abuse of Drugs is not confirmed to a particular sex or age, it is found among the affluent, the Top Professionals, High Executives, Musicians, Long Distance Drivers as well as Sports men and women.

 

 

 

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

          In this chapter, the design of the research, population of the study, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation and the method used for collecting and analyzing the data were discussed.

3.2 Research Design

          The design for this study is the survey design. This is a form of descriptive survey design used when dealing with a very systematic collection of data or information from population or a sample of the population through the use of personal interview, opinion scale, questionnaires or observation. In other words survey design can be seen as a way of describing, attitude, behaviors, situations, opinions or characteristics of people which is quite relevant to the study at hand. This descriptive survey design will help the researchers to get relevant data to discuss extensively on the attitude, opinions and feelings about the target population.

3.3 Population of the Study

          The target population for this study is all the Farmers in Zing Local Government Area, Taraba state.

 

3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques

          A purposive sampling technique will be used to select 2 wards out of the total of thirteen wards in Zing Local Government Area

3.5 Instrument for Data Collection

          The main instrument of this study is the questionnaire. questionnaires was used in the study. The construction of the questionnaire will be done by the researcher considering the research questions for the study. Each column will be provided with question items to give the best feeling of the respondent on the 4 likert point scale i.e. strongly agreed, agreed, strongly disagreed, disagreed and undecided. The academic test comprise of the multiple choice questions from A– D. By way of scoring, the questionnaire on drug abused and attitude to agriculture will be coded. The coded sheets will be submitted to the Statistician for further analysis.

Validity of the Instruments

3.7.1 Validity of the Instrument

          The following steps will be taken to ensure the validity of the instrument used for the study. The questionnaires were be given to experts in educational psychology and some specialists in research studies to validate them. Content validation was used to check the relevance of the items for the study. Their advice and suggestions was incorporated into the final instruments.

3.8 Procedure for Data Collection

          A total of 100 copies of the questionnaires will be produced by the researchers for distribution to the target population in the selected wards. The researcher will visit all the wards elected to explain the purpose of the research work to the youth. Guidelines will be given to youth on how to fill the questionnaire.

3.9 Procedures for Statistical Analysis

          The data collected from the samples respondents will be subjected to coding and analysis using the statistical package for the Social Science (SPSS).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTAND DISCUSSION

4.0 Introduction

This project titled “the effects of drug abuse on youth and it implication agriculture. “ was restricted to 100 youth. Their responses from the basis of the analysis in this work which involved descriptive inferential statistical technique to describe the demographic variables as well as the research questions set for the study.

Distribution of respondents by drug status

Responses	Frequency	Percentage %
Yes	30	30
No	70	70

Table 4.1: Do You Take Drugs?

Source: field survey 2019

The table above shows that 30% of the respondent takes drugs while 70% do not take drugs.

 

 

Answering of Research Questions

Table 4.2: Does Taking Drugs encourage you to farm?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	10	10
A	15	15
D	50	50
SD	05	05
UD	20	20
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

From the table above 10 respondents representing 10% strongly agreed that the take drugs to enable them stay awake and study, while 15 respondents representing 15% agreed with the statement. 50% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 05% strongly disagreed. This shows that majority of the youth do not take drugs.

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	25	25
A	08	08
D	12	12
SD	30	30
UD	25	25
Total	100	100

Table 4.3: does taking drugs enable you feel comfortable among classmates?

Source: Field survey 2019

          From the table above 25 respondents representing 25% strongly agreed that the taking drugs enable them feel comfortable among classmate, while 08 respondents representing 08% agreed with the statement. 30% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 30% strongly disagreed. This shows that majority of them does take drugs to enable them feel comfortable among classmate.

Table 4.3: Does Taking Drugs Support You In farming?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	20	20
A	10	10
D	30	30
SD	15	15
UD	25	25
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 20 respondents representing 20% strongly agreed that the taking drugs support them in reading till day break. while 10 respondents representing 10% agreed with the statement. 30% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 25% strongly disagreed.

Table 4.4: Does drugs abuse affects your attitude to farming?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	25	25
A	50	50
D	10	10
SD	12	12
UD	03	03
Total	100	1000

Source: Field survey 2019

          From the table above 25 respondents representing 25% strongly agreed that drugs abuse affects academic performance, while 50 respondents representing 50% agreed with the statement. 12% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 03% strongly disagreed.

Table 4.5: Does Advertising of Tobacco on television and newspaper influence learning among youth?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	30	30
A	25	25
D	12	12
SD	08	08
UD	25	25
Total	100	100

Source; Field survey 2019

          From the table above 30 respondents representing 30% strongly agreed that advertising of tobacco on television and newspaper influence learning among youth while 25 respondents representing 25% agreed with the statement. 12% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 12% strongly disagreed.

Table 4.7: does influence of peer group affect many youth in class during learning process?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	50	50
A	10	10
D	15	15
SD	20	20
UD	05	05
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 50 respondents representing 50% strongly agreed that peer group has affected many youth in class during learning process, while 10 respondents representing 10% agreed with the statement. 15% of the respondent disagreed with the statement, 20% strongly disagreed and 05% are undecided.

 

Table 4.7:Does Taking Drugs By Youth Enhance Negative on farming?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	40	40
A	10	10
D	20	20
SD	22	22
UD	08	08
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 40 respondents representing 40% strongly agreed that taking drugs by pupil enhance negative behavior, while 10 respondents representing 10% agreed with the statement. 20% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 22% strongly disagreed and 08% are undecided. This implied that taking drugs enhance negative behavior in school.

 

Table 4.8: Does Youth Under High Influence of Drugs Might Disobey his Parents and Teacher in School?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	30	30
A	20	20
D	10	10
SD	25	25
UD	15	15
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 30 respondents representing 30% strongly agreed that youth under high influence of drugs might disobey his parents and teacher in school, while 20 respondents representing 20% agreed with the statement. 10% of the respondent disagreed with the statement, 25% strongly disagreed and 15% are undecided.

 

Table 4.9: does taking drugs like LSD make the youth less fearful of his teacher?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	25	25
A	15	15
D	10	10
SD	30	30
UD	20	20
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

From the table above 25 respondents representing 25% strongly agreed that the taking drugs like LSD make the youth less fearful of his teacher, while 15 respondents representing 15% agreed with the statement. 10% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 20% strongly disagreed while 20% remain undecided.

 

Table 4.10 Does Taking Drugs In Large Quantity By Youth Lead To Abnormal Behavior In School Environment?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	18	18
A	20	20
D	40	40
SD	12	12
UD	10	10
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 18 respondents representing 18% strongly agreed that taking drugs in large quantity by youth lead to abnormal behavior in school environment, while 20 respondents representing 20% agreed with the statement. 12% of the respondent disagreed with the statement 12% strongly disagreed while 10% are undecided.

 

Table 11: smoking marijuana could make youth to act differently from the expected law and order of the school?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	25	25
A	15	15
D	10	10
SD	30	30
UD	20	20
Total	100	100

Source: Field survey 2019

          From the table above respondents representing 25% strongly agreed that smoking marijuana could make pupil to act differently from the expected law and order of the school, while 15 respondents representing 15% agreed with the statement. 10% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 30% strongly disagreed while 20 are undecided.

 

Table 4.12: Does club and societies in school promote farming among youth?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	16	16
A	20	20
D	14	14
SD	30	30
UD	20	20
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 16 respondents representing16% strongly agreed clubs and societies in school promote learning among, while 20 respondents representing 20% agreed with the statement. 14% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 30% strongly disagreed while 20 are undecided.

Table 13: Does expelling youth on drugs reduce drugs abuse in school?

Responses	Frequency	Percentage
SA	19	16
A	31	20
D	06	14
SD	14	30
UD	30	20
Total	100	100

Source: field survey 2019

          From the table above 19 respondent’s representing19% strongly agreed expelling youth on drugs abuse reduce drugs abuse in school, while 31 respondents representing 31% agreed with the statement. 06% of the respondent disagreed with the statement and 14% strongly disagreed while 30 are undecided.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction

          This chapter consists of summarized previous chapters, conclusions and recommendations suggested for the study based on the findings of this study.

5.1 Summary of the study

          This research study focused on the effects of drug abuse on youth and it implication agriculture..

          The population of the study consists of 100 youth, Zing Local Government Area, Taraba State. The study was divided into five chapters. The first chapter started with a general introduction, stating the problems, objectives, research questions and hypothesis, significance of the study, basic assumptions, scope and delimitations of the study were also provided.

          The second chapter dealt with Literature review, which took into cognizance a limitation theory and social learning theory. .Conceptual frame work of the study, the review of empirical studies related to the study at hand. This chapter ended up with a summary.

          The third chapter talks about Methodology of the study, the research design, population of the study, the sample and sampling technique, instrumentation, validity study, reliability of the instrument, , procedure for data collection, and data analysis of the study.

          The fourth chapter dealt with the result and discussions of the data collected, analyzed research questions raised. The chapter closed up with a summary of the findings.

          In chapter five, the introduction, summary of the study as well as the conclusion were discussed. Finally, recommendations were suggested, and suggestions for further researches on this area were indicated.

5.2 Conclusion

Having carried out the study on the influence of drug abuse on attitude to learning and academic achievement of students in secondary school and the conclusion arrived at for the study is as follows;

1. There are differences between students who take drugs and those who do not in their performance academically.

2. Students who take drugs and those who do not differ in their attitude to learning.

3. Attitude to learning and academic achievement have a strong relationship.

5.3 Recommendations.

The following are recommendations in form of suggestions for this study.

1. Based on the research findings, differences exist between students who take drugs and those who do not in their academic performance; therefore, there is need for school management to engage in special counseling for students who take drugs. Teachers should pay attention to their students to prevent peer group influence. Again, measures should be taken on those who take drugs to stop it and also to prevent other students from going into the habit of drug abuse Looking at it critically from the findings, the attitude to learning of students differ in terms of those who take drugs and those who do not. This is of paramount importance fo both teachers and students in teaching and learning in schools. Therefore, a psychological intervention to help students change their attitude from negative to positive to learning in school is desirable

3. Positive attitude to learning can influence better academic achievements among students. Attention should be paid to students peer group influence especially in their adolescent ages to curb with the influence of drug abuse among them.

 

 

 

 

 

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Ogunremi, A. and Rotinii (2010): Mental Illness and Indian Hemp in Lagos,      Nigeria. Bulletin on Narcotics, 32, 39 – 45

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Siegal, B.A (2013): ‘Drug Abuse in a Contemporary Nigeria’ A Paper     Presented    at theSymposium on Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking   Prevention,           Organized by theKaduna State Committee on the Prevention    of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking.Held at Banquet Hall, State        House, Kaduna,   April, 21.

 

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